A disinfectant made from coal tar principles, miscible with water.

A genus of euphorbiaceous plants, the root of one of which yields arrowroot.

A sort of varnishing or lacquering in which the Japanese excel, consisting in heating the varnished articles, after application of each coat, in an oven to a high temperature. Ivory black and anime varnishes are used amongst other materials, colours being introduced as and when required.

Supposed to be wood in an advanced state of bitumenization, abundant in the upper lias shale near Whitby in Yorkshire. It is also found n Colorado, the island of Skye, and various parts of the European continent, and is used as fuel and for making ornamental articles. It is of varying hardness and of sp. gr. about i3.

Coniferous plants, of which about twenty species are known, the berries of which yield upon distillation with water, a volatile essential oil, of sp. gr. o865 to o882 iodine value, about 285; saponification value, 14 to 15; and refractive ndex, 1 472 to i488. It is somewhat soluble in alcohol and ether, and is used for flavouring gin and hollands.

Several distinct minerals are known by this name, the true jade being naphrite, an anhydrous double silicate of calcium and magnesium. Jadeite, which resembles it, is a silicate of aluminium and sodium. Jade is greenishwhite to deep green in colour, is a favourite material for making ornaments and amulets, and is nearly as hard as quartz. It is extensively found in China, New Zealand, Eastern Turkestan, Siberia, and the Philippine Islands.